Bootstrap 布局

简介

このチュートリアルでは、Bootstrapツールキットを使用して固定レイアウトと流動レイアウトを作成する方法を学びます。このチュートリアルはBootstrapバージョン2.0に基づいています。

バージョン2.0では、Bootstrapは携帯電話、タブレット、ノートパソコン、小型デスクトップ、大型ワイドスクリーンデスクトップなどにレスポンシブ機能を追加しました。
docs\assets\css にある bootstrap-responsive.css ファイルをページに追加することで、レイアウトをレスポンシブにすることができます。

Bootstrap 固定レイアウト

固定ピクセル数に基づくウェブページやアプリを作成したい場合は、こちらのチュートリアルをご覧ください。

用法

<body>
  <div class="container">
    ...
  </div>
</body>

解释

bootstrap.css（Bootstrapのメインフォルダのdocs\assets\cssにあります）の261行目から273行目は、メインコンテナのレンダリングスタイルを作成し、固定レイアウトを作成します。固定レイアウトの目的は、Webページまたはアプリに940ピクセル（デフォルト）幅のレイアウトを作成することです。

Bootstrap 固定レイアウトの例

以下のコードは、Webページの固定レイアウトを作成します。カスタマイズするには、デフォルトスタイルに加えて、bootstrap.cssと同じフォルダに新しいCSSファイルexample-fixed-layout.cssを作成する必要があります。

CSS 代码

body {
padding-top: 60px;
padding-bottom: 40px;
}
.nav li {
padding-top: 5px;
}
.leaderboard {
padding: 60px;
margin-bottom: 30px;
background-image: url('/twitter-bootstrap/images/gridbg.gif');
background-repeat:repeat;
-webkit-border-radius: 6px;
-moz-border-radius: 6px;
border-radius: 6px;
}
.leaderboard h1 {
font-size: 40px;
margin-bottom: 5px;
line-height: 1;
letter-spacing: -1px;
color:#FF6600;
}
.leaderboard p {
font-size: 18px;
font-weight: 200;
line-height: 27px;
}

HTML 代码

实例

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Bootstrap バージョン 2.0 固定レイアウトの使用例</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta name="description" content="Example of Fixed Layout with Bootstrap version 2.0 from w3cschool.cc">
    <meta name="author" content="">
    <!-- Le styles -->
    <link href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/css/bootstrap.css.html" rel="stylesheet">
    <link href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/css/example-fixed-layout.css.html" rel="stylesheet">
    <!-- Le HTML5 shim, for IE6-8 support of HTML5 elements -->
    <!--[if lt IE 9]>
        <script src="//html5shim.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script>
    <![endif]-->
    <!-- Le fav and touch icons -->
    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/examples/images/favicon.ico.html">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/examples/images/apple-touch-icon.png.html">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/examples/images/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png.html">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/examples/images/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png.html">
</head>

<body>
    <div class="navbar navbar-fixed-top">
        <div class="navbar-inner">
            <div class="container">
                <a class="btn btn-navbar" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".nav-collapse">
                    <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                    <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                    <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                </a>
                <a class="brand" href="../index.html">
                    <img src="../images/w3r.png.html" width="111" height="30" alt="w3cschool logo" /></a>
                <div class="nav-collapse">
                    <ul class="nav">
                        <li class="active">
                            <a href="../index.html">Home</a></li>
                        <li>
                            <a href="../index.html">About</a></li>
                        <li>
                            <a href="../index.html">Contact</a></li>
                    </ul>
                </div>
                <!--/.nav-collapse --></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="container">
        <!-- Main hero unit for a primary marketing message or call to action -->
        <div class="leaderboard">
            <h1>w3cschool Web Store</h1>
            <p>Try and purchase HTML5, JS, Ruby, PHP-MySQL based web apps to enhance your productivity at affordable price.</p>
            <p>
                <a class="btn btn-success btn-large">Sign Up for a 30 day free trial</a></p>
        </div>
        <!-- Example row of columns -->
        <div class="row">
            <div class="span4">
                <h2>HTML5 and JS Apps</h2>
                <p>Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Fusce dapibus, tellus ac cursus commodo, tortor mauris condimentum nibh,ut fermentum massa justo sit amet risus. Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod. Donec sed odio dui.</p>
                <p>
                    <a class="btn btn-success btn-large" href="../index.html">View apps</a></p>
            </div>
            <div class="span4">
                <h2>Ruby Apps</h2>
                <p>Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Fusce dapibus, tellus ac cursus commodo, tortor mauris condimentum nibh,ut fermentum massa justo sit amet risus. Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod. Donec sed odio dui.</p>
                <p>
                    <a class="btn btn-success btn-large" href="../index.html">View apps</a></p>
            </div>
            <div class="span4">
                <h2>PHP MySQL Apps</h2>
                <p>Donec sed odio dui. Cras justo odio, dapibus ac facilisis in, egestas eget quam. Vestibulum id ligula porta felis euismod semper. Fusce dapibus, tellus ac cursus commodo, tortor mauris condimentum nibh, ut fermentum massa justo sit amet risus.</p>
                <p>
                    <a class="btn btn-success btn-large" href="../index.html">View apps</a></p>
            </div>
        </div>
        <hr>
        <footer>
            <p>&copy; Company 2012</p>
        </footer>
    </div>
    <!-- /container -->
    <!-- Le javascript==================================================- ->
    <!-- Placed at the end of the document so the pages load faster -->
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/jquery.js.html"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-transition.js.html"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-alert.js.html"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-modal.js.html"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-dropdown.js.html"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-scrollspy.js.html"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-tab.js.html"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-tooltip.js.html"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-popover.js.html"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-button.js.html"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-collapse.js.html"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-carousel.js.html"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-typeahead.js.html"></script>
</body>
</html>

输出

bootstrap fixed layout example

オンラインで表示

異なるブラウザウィンドウで上記の例を表示します。

Bootstrap フルードレイアウト

非固定レイアウト、つまりパーセンテージベースのレイアウトを作成して、レイアウトをより柔軟にしたい場合は、こちらのチュートリアルをご覧ください。

用法

<div class="container-fluid">
  <div class="row-fluid">
    <div class="span2">
      <!--Sidebar content-->
    </div>
    <div class="span10">
      <!--Body content-->
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

解释

bootstrap.css（Bootstrapのメインフォルダのdocs\assets\cssにあります）の274行目から285行目は、メインコンテナのレンダリングスタイルを作成し、フルードレイアウトを作成します。フルードレイアウトの目的は、Webページまたはアプリにパーセンテージベースのレイアウト（例：width=20%）を作成することです。

Bootstrap フルードレイアウトの例

以下のコードは、Webページのフルードレイアウトを作成します。カスタマイズするには、デフォルトスタイルに加えて、bootstrap.cssと同じフォルダに新しいCSSファイルexample-fluid-layout.cssを作成する必要があります。

CSS 代码

 body {
        padding-top: 60px;
        padding-bottom: 40px;
      }
      .nav li {
      padding-top: 5px;
      }
      
      .sidebar-nav {
        padding: 9px 0;
      }
      .leaderboard {
  padding: 60px;
  margin-bottom: 30px;
  background-image: url('/twitter-bootstrap/images/gridbg.gif');
  background-repeat:repeat;
  -webkit-border-radius: 6px;
  -moz-border-radius: 6px;
  border-radius: 6px;
}
.leaderboard h1 {
  font-size: 40px;
  margin-bottom: 5px;
  line-height: 1;
  letter-spacing: -1px;
  color:#FF6600;
}
.leaderboard p {
  font-size: 18px;
  font-weight: 200;
  line-height: 27px;
}

.well {
background-image: url('/twitter-bootstrap/images/gridbg.gif');
  background-repeat:repeat;
  -webkit-border-radius: 6px;
  -moz-border-radius: 6px;
  border-radius: 6px;
}

.nav .nav-header {
font-size: 18px;
color:#FF9900;
}

HTML 代码

实例

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Bootstrap バージョン 2.0 固定レイアウトの使用例</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta name="description" content="Example of Fluid Layout with Bootstrap version 2.0 from w3cschool.cc">
    <meta name="author" content="">
    <!-- Le styles -->
    <link href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/css/bootstrap.css.html" rel="stylesheet">
    <link href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/css/example-fluid-layout.css.html" rel="stylesheet">
    <!-- Le HTML5 shim, for IE6-8 support of HTML5 elements -->
    <!--[if lt IE 9]>
    <script src="//html5shim.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script>
    <![endif]-->
    <!-- Le fav and touch icons -->
    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/examples/images/favicon.ico.html">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/examples/images/apple-touch-icon.png.html">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/examples/images/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png.html">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/examples/images/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png.html"></head>

<body>
    <div class="navbar navbar-fixed-top">
        <div class="navbar-inner">
            <div class="container-fluid">
                <a class="btn btn-navbar" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".nav-collapse">
                    <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                    <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                    <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                </a>
                <a class="brand" href="../index.html">
                    <img src="../images/w3r.png.html" width="111" height="30" alt="w3cschool logo" /></a>
                <div class="nav-collapse">
                    <ul class="nav">
                        <li class="active">
                            <a href="../index.html">Home</a></li>
                        <li>
                            <a href="../index.html">About</a></li>
                        <li>
                            <a href="../index.html">Contact</a></li>
                    </ul>
                    <p class="navbar-text pull-right">Logged in as
                        <a href="../index.html">username</a></p>
                </div>
                <!--/.nav-collapse --></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="container-fluid">
        <div class="row-fluid">
            <div class="span3">
                <div class="well sidebar-nav">
                    <ul class="nav nav-list">
                        <li class="nav-header">Frontend</li>
                        <li class="active">
                            <a href="../index.html">HTML 4.01</a></li>
                        <li>
                            <a href="../index.html">HTML5</a></li>
                        <li>
                            <a href="../index.html">CSS</a></li>
                        <li>
                            <a href="../index.html">JavaScript</a></li>
                        <li>
                            <a href="../index.html">Twitter Bootstrap</a></li>
                        <li>
                            <a href="../index.html">Firebug</a></li>
                        <li class="nav-header">Backend</li>
                        <li>
                            <a href="../index.html">PHP</a></li>
                        <li>
                            <a href="../index.html">SQL</a></li>
                        <li>
                            <a href="../index.html">MySQL</a></li>
                        <li>
                            <a href="../index.html">PostgreSQL</a></li>
                        <li>
                            <a href="../index.html">MongoDB</a></li>
                    </ul>
                </div><!--/.well -->
            </div><!--/span-->
            <div class="span9">
                <div class="leaderboard">
                    <h1>Learn. Practice. Develop.</h1>
                    <p>w3cschool offers web development tutorials. We believe in Open Source. Love standards. And prioritize simplicity and readability while serving content.</p>
                    <p>
                        <a class="btn btn-success btn-large">Join w3cschool now</a></p>
                </div>
                <div class="row-fluid">
                    <div class="span4">
                        <h2>Learn</h2>
                        <p>Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Fusce dapibus, tellus ac cursus commodo, tortor mauris condimentum nibh, ut fermentum massa justo sit amet risus. Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod. Donec sed odio dui.</p>
                        <p>
                            <a class="btn btn-success btn-large" href="../index.html">Start Learning now</a></p>
                    </div><!--/span-->
                    <div class="span4">
                        <h2>Practice</h2>
                        <p>Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Fusce dapibus, tellus ac cursus commodo, tortor mauris condimentum nibh, ut fermentum massa justo sit amet risus. Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod. Donec sed odio dui.</p>
                        <p>
                            <a class="btn btn-success btn-large" href="../index.html">Start percticing now</a></p>
                    </div>
                    <!--/span-->
                    <div class="span4">
                        <h2>Develop</h2>
                        <p>Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Fusce dapibus, tellus ac cursus commodo, tortor mauris condimentum nibh, ut fermentum massa justo sit amet risus. Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod. Donec sed odio dui.</p>
                        <p>
                            <a class="btn btn-success btn-large" href="../index.html">Start developing now</a></p>
                    </div><!--/span-->
                </div><!--/row-->
                <hr>
                <footer>
                    <p>&copy; Company 2012</p>
                </footer>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div><!--/.fluid-container-->
    
    <!-- Le javascript==================================================- ->
    <!-- Placed at the end of the document so the pages load faster -->
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/jquery.js.html"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-transition.js.html"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-alert.js.html"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-modal.js.html"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-dropdown.js.html"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-scrollspy.js.html"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-tab.js.html"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-tooltip.js.html"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-popover.js.html"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-button.js.html"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-collapse.js.html"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-carousel.js.html"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-typeahead.js.html"></script>
</body>
</html>

输出

bootstrap fluid layout example

オンラインで表示

異なるブラウザウィンドウで上記の例を表示します。

ここをクリックして、本チュートリアルで使用するすべてのHTML、CSS、JSおよび画像ファイルをダウンロードしてください。

其他扩展